A Utah state land agency, not the insider buyer the debtor had lined up, walked away with the only primary magnesium plant in the United States. At a January 2026 auction, Utah's Division of Forestry, Fire and State Lands outbid LiMag Holdings, a Renco Group affiliate, raising its cash offer to $30 million and forcing the insider stalking horse into the backup position. US Magnesium, LLC had filed chapter 11 in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware on September 10, 2025 (No. 25-11696) to run a section 363 sale built around a Renco credit bid, but the case instead produced a non-insider winner and a creditor-driven liquidation.
The September 2025 filing carried unusual stakes for a single-debtor case. US Magnesium was the only domestic primary magnesium producer and no NATO member country maintains an alternative primary source. The Rowley, Utah plant also sits on a federal Superfund site whose cleanup the EPA estimates at $100 million or more, and the company had not produced magnesium since a September 2021 equipment failure idled the facility. The strategic-mineral asset and the decades-old environmental liability ran through the case's contested matters: the Wells Fargo DIP, the Committee's motion to convert, the auction, and the cramdown confirmation of the Committee's plan of liquidation on .
$10.8M new money (Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.; proposed roll-up later struck)
Plan
Committee liquidating plan, confirmed June 16, 2026 via 1129(b) cramdown
Claims Agent
Stretto, Inc.
Case Snapshot
Strategic Stakes and the Renco Ownership History
US Magnesium operated as the sole primary magnesium producer in the United States, extracting the metal from brine beneath the Great Salt Lake at the Rowley site, which began production in 1972. Magnesium feeds aerospace, automotive lightweighting, and defense applications, and the company's idling left the United States dependent on imports for a material in which China controls roughly 85% of world supply. Coverage framed the shutdown as a critical-minerals supply-chain gap, and the strategic-asset argument later became a central plank of the debtor's case against liquidation.
The business sat under the Renco Group, the investment conglomerate controlled by Ira Rennert, which the first-day declaration of Ron Thayer says invested more than $400 million over the prior decade and advanced a $2.5 million bridge loan in late August 2025, weeks before the filing. By the petition date the first-day declaration reported that active operations had narrowed to selling dust suppressants, de-icing products, and raw sodium chloride, with 22 full-time and two part-time employees.
The predecessor entity, MagCorp, filed its own bankruptcy in 2001 and emerged under Renco control after a $33 million settlement with the Department of Justice resolving environmental enforcement claims. The Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors seized on that history, casting the 2025 filing as a repeat of the pattern in its motion to convert the case to chapter 7: a parent invests in a subsidiary, the subsidiary accumulates environmental liabilities, an operational crisis triggers bankruptcy, and an insider credit bid reacquires the operating assets while cleanup obligations stay with an insolvent estate.
Mothballed Production and the Kaiser Aluminum Judgment
The first-day declaration attributes the collapse to a combination of operational failure, environmental conflict, and litigation. Primary magnesium production became uneconomic against low-cost imports, and the 2016 shutdown of Allegheny Technologies' adjacent titanium sponge facility eliminated a major customer whose geographic proximity had once provided a logistical edge. In September 2021 a series of equipment failures halted production; pandemic-era supply-chain disruption delayed replacement parts, and management mothballed the plant rather than repair it. Magnesium production never resumed, and a parallel lithium carbonate project — pursued using magnesium-production tailings — was also idled on cost and pricing grounds, as the declaration recounts.
Mothballing the plant triggered the case's largest unsecured claim. When US Magnesium declared force majeure on its supply contracts, Kaiser Aluminum Warrick, LLC refused to accept the excuse and sued for breach of contract in the Southern District of New York in 2022. At an August 2025 trial, McDermott Will & Emery secured a jury verdict for Kaiser of $55 million in damages plus $12.9 million in prejudgment interest, a total judgment of about $68 million that the court entered in August 2025. The first-day declaration ties the judgment to the force majeure event and the company's inability to supply, and US Magnesium filed for chapter 11 about one month after the judgment.
Utah pressed its own attack in parallel. The state's Division of Forestry, Fire and State Lands moved to terminate the company's mineral lease, cancel its lithium memorandum of understanding, and curtail water rights, alleging royalty non-payment, and as cleanup stalled it sought to appoint a receiver and evict the company from state-owned lakebed. The chapter 11 filing imposed the automatic stay, delaying Utah's plan to cut off Great Salt Lake water access and halting the lease-termination effort. FFSL preserved its opposition inside the case, lodging an early objection to the DIP motion and coordinating with the EPA against the proposed insider sale.
Capital Structure and the Wells Fargo DIP
On the petition date the first-day declaration described roughly $67 million of funded debt owed to Wells Fargo, about $45 million of subordinated debt owed to Renco Global Capital, the $2.5 million late-August bridge loan from The Renco Group, and roughly $37 million of trade payables. The Committee's conversion motion later put total prepetition secured debt at about $115 million and framed the debtor's unencumbered assets as value that should not be swept into an insider-favored financing structure.
Debt Instrument
Amount
Wells Fargo revolving facility
$40,450,000
Wells Fargo Term Loan C
$25,000,000
Wells Fargo letters of credit
$821,588
Renco Global Capital (subordinated)
about $45,000,000
Renco bridge loan (August 2025)
$2,500,000
Confirmation-stage filings sharpened the Wells Fargo exposure into two pieces that later drove the plan-classification fight: a Revolver Claim of $42,196,536 secured by a first-priority lien on personal property and fixtures, and a Term Loan C Claim of $27,175,019.08 that, though nominally held by Wells Fargo, was 100% participated to The Renco Group, as the bank's plan objection set out. Wells Fargo argued the two claims were not substantially similar and had to be classified separately.
The debtor sought $10 million in new-money DIP term loans from Wells Fargo, and the DIP motion described an aggregate facility of $10,821,588 with a dollar-for-dollar roll-up of prepetition obligations tied to advances under the DIP term loan. The court entered an interim DIP order on September 12, 2025, two days after the petition.
Term
Detail
DIP lender
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
Total commitment
$10,821,588
Tranche A
$5,821,588
Tranche B
$5,000,000
Interest rate
Base (7.5%) plus 1.0%
Exit fee
$200,000
The financing stayed contested well past first-day practice. The Committee's conversion motion argued the package overreached by pledging unencumbered assets, sweeping receipts to pay down legacy debt, and using a roll-up that elevated old obligations rather than funding a neutral restructuring, while the U.S. Trustee separately objected to the financing. A Delaware judge denied a roughly $3 million roll-up over Utah's environmental objections and later declined final approval as premature while the restructuring challenges persisted. Rather than a clean final order, the docket reflects a second interim DIP order on October 29, 2025 and a third interim DIP order on November 26, 2025, the latter of which struck the roll-up entirely.
Conversion Motion and the Auction Won by FFSL
The Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors, appointed September 23, 2025, opened the central fight of the case with its October 5, 2025 motion to convert to chapter 7. It argued that chapter 11 was deepening losses, that the proposed sale was a "DIP-to-own scheme" with no real competitive bidding behind an insider stalking horse, and that a chapter 7 trustee would better preserve value and investigate claims against Renco and other insiders. Utah FFSL and the EPA supported conversion, sharing the concern that an insider credit bid would let Renco escape decades of environmental obligations. The debtor, Renco, and LiMag opposed conversion, citing going-concern value, national-security stakes, and the $400 million in parent investment.
The case proceeded toward a sale rather than conversion. The debtor's sale motion tested a stalking-horse transaction with LiMag Holdings, a Renco affiliate, structured as a credit bid and debt assumption rather than an all-cash purchase, and the Committee pressed its attack by calling the sale process rigged. The bid procedures order entered December 19, 2025 set a January 19, 2026 bid deadline, an auction on January 21, 2026 if at least two qualified bids arrived, and a January 26, 2026 sale hearing; it required any competing bid to exceed the stalking-horse value by at least $250,000 and provided that no breakup fee or similar protection would be paid.
Two qualified bidders showed up, and the insider lost. The declaration supporting selection of the successful bidder says FFSL and LiMag competed actively, FFSL raised its cash consideration to $30 million, and LiMag stopped bidding and became the backup bidder. The same declaration says FFSL's bid contemplated assuming specified remediation and environmental liabilities tied to the Rowley property, Tooele County tax obligations, and permitted liens, while excluding inventory, equipment, the Ace American insurance claim, insider claims, Skull Valley Joint Venture interests, and Salt Lake City real property. The sale order entered February 5, 2026 approved the transaction free and clear with section 363(m) good-faith findings, over Wells Fargo's objection, and the sale closed on February 6, 2026.
Post-Sale Wind-Down and Stranded-Asset Disputes
Closing did not produce a clean transfer of the site, and the case shifted from going-concern preservation to liquidation of what FFSL had left behind. The cash collateral motion filed after closing sought authority to use Wells Fargo's cash collateral to fund a narrow post-sale budget of up to $400,000 for payroll, the independent manager, and a liquidation project-manager deposit, with the debtor characterizing the adequate-protection package as an equivalent increase in prepetition loan obligations rather than new replacement liens on unencumbered assets or superpriority claims against the FFSL proceeds.
The access fight. By late February the debtor and FFSL were fighting over entry to the plant. The debtor's motion to enforce the sale order and automatic stay said estate-owned "readily saleable collateral" remained on the premises after closing — bagged lithium carbonate, magnesium metal, a turbine, brine, salt, and equipment — and that liquidating it could be worth up to $86 million and was necessary to fund creditor recoveries. The dispute was resolved not by a contested ruling but by a negotiated Limited Access Agreement dated March 13, 2026, governing the debtor's right to enter the Rowley site and remove its remaining property, as recounted in the certification supporting the later asset-monetization agreement.
SB360 monetization. The debtor then moved to monetize the stranded machinery, equipment, and scrap, under a settlement with junior creditors that Bloomberg Law reported as a roughly $21.6 million asset deal. The asset-monetization agreement retained SB360 Capital Partners, LLC as liquidation consultant to sell the remaining machinery and equipment, including bus bars, and scrap free and clear, while expressly excluding magnesium tailings, lithium ore, magnesium chloride, and sodium chloride; net proceeds flow to a Wells Fargo-approved account and, once Wells Fargo is paid in full, to Renco Global Capital or The Renco Group, subject to Forgen's rights under prior orders. The court entered the SB360 retention order on June 1, 2026 over a limited EPA objection, and entered an amended access and purchase agreement order on June 15, 2026.
Forgen's lien adversary. The half-finished barrier wall produced its own priority fight. On June 4, 2026 Forgen filed a declaratory-judgment complaint (Adv. No. 26-50414) against US Magnesium, Tooele County, and FFSL, asserting that its construction lien — securing $5,859,665.79 in unpaid pollution-mitigation invoices plus 10% interest — is valid and senior to Tooele County's competing claim against fixtures excluded from the FFSL sale, fixtures the complaint values at up to $80 million.
The Bus Bar sale. The fixture disputes outlived confirmation. On June 19, 2026 the debtor noticed a de minimis sale of the "Bus Bar" in Magnesium Building One — roughly 700,000 to 800,000 pounds of aluminum conduit — to Compass Metal Traders at $1.40 per pound for 1100 and 1350 aluminum and $1.50 per pound for P1020, with proceeds applied against Wells Fargo's debt under de minimis procedures covering sales up to $1.5 million. Both buyers of the larger estate objected on June 26. FFSL's objection argued it already owns the Bus Bar as a permanent, non-severable improvement under its purchase agreement, that an ownership dispute requires an adversary proceeding rather than a summary process, and that removing the Bus Bar risks disturbing toxic anode dust in violation of the consent decree. Forgen's limited objection contends the Bus Bar is a fixture under Utah law, so its construction lien — now stated at no less than $7,142,376.74 — attaches to the roughly $1.05 million to $1.2 million in expected proceeds.
Committee Liquidating Plan and Cramdown Confirmation
The case resolved through a plan proposed not by the debtor but by the Committee that had once sought to convert it. The Committee's Second Amended Combined Disclosure Statement and Plan of Liquidation establishes a Liquidating Trust, overseen by a Liquidating Trust Oversight Committee, to liquidate remaining assets, resolve disputed claims, and prosecute the preserved "Committee Challenge" claims against the prepetition secured lenders, with the Liquidating Trustee and Wind-Down Officer identified in the plan supplement. The court granted interim approval of the combined disclosure statement and plan for solicitation on May 8, 2026.
The plan designates eight classes. Class 1 (priority non-tax) and Class 2 (other secured) are unimpaired and deemed to accept. Classes 3 through 8 are impaired: Class 3 (senior secured) carries an estimated recovery of 35-53%, retaining its lien on prepetition collateral until sale and receiving net proceeds up to its allowed amount; Class 4 (subordinated secured) is slated for 0%; and the three unsecured buckets — Class 5 (deficiency), Class 6 (insider unsecured), and Class 7 (general unsecured) — each receive a pro rata share of Liquidating Trust Interests with estimated recoveries of roughly 5-16%, per the plan and Renco's objection.
Voting split along the secured/unsecured line. The voting tabulation declaration records Class 7 accepting overwhelmingly — 52 ballots for versus 3 against, or 94.5% in number and 100% in amount, with $87,744,784.34 accepting — while every other voting class rejected: Class 3 cast one rejecting ballot for $42,196,536, Class 6 three insider ballots for $10,624,736.29, Class 5 rejected, and Class 4 cast no votes. With impaired Classes 3, 4, 5, and 6 rejecting, the Committee pursued nonconsensual confirmation under 11 U.S.C. § 1129(b).
The senior lenders fought to the end. Wells Fargo's objection argued the plan improperly grouped its first-priority Revolver Claim with the Renco-participated Term Loan C Claim into a single Class 3 in violation of sections 1122 and 1123(a)(4), a move it called manufacturing an impaired accepting class, and demanded that the Skull Valley Water Group joint-venture interests be excluded from the trust assets, that it retain custody of books and records over which it claimed a priority lien, and that it not bear half of the Wind-Down Officer's fees. Renco's objection called the structure classification gerrymandering — arguing Classes 5, 6, and 7 receive identical pro rata trust treatment yet were split solely to isolate and neutralize Renco's vote as the estate's largest liquidated unsecured creditor — challenged the best-interests showing under section 1129(a)(7), and called the $1.5 million to $2.5 million projected trust professional-fee estimate "risible" given that Committee counsel alone had billed over $3.14 million by March 31, 2026.
The court confirmed the plan at the June 16, 2026 hearing. The Committee submitted the Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law, and Confirmation Order under a certification of counsel filed June 18, 2026, with findings reciting that the plan "satisfies the requirements of section 1129(b)" and "is fair and equitable and does not discriminate unfairly" as to rejecting Classes 3, 4, 5, and 6. On the effective date, all interests are cancelled, the debtor's officers and directors are deemed to resign, the Liquidating Trust is established with the Liquidating Trustee as estate representative, and the Post-Effective Date Debtor proceeds to wind-down under the Wind-Down Officer, as the Committee's confirmation memorandum describes.
Stretto, Inc. serves as the claims and noticing agent in the District of Delaware case (No. 25-11696). The plan confirmed June 16, 2026 routes claims resolution and distributions through a Liquidating Trust established on the effective date.
Who acquired US Magnesium's assets?
Utah's Division of Forestry, Fire and State Lands, the same agency that had moved to terminate the company's mineral lease, won the January 2026 auction with a $30 million cash bid and closed on February 6, 2026. The Renco affiliate LiMag Holdings, which served as stalking horse, became the backup bidder after stopping its bidding.
Why did the Committee oppose the original sale?
The Committee characterized the proposed sale to LiMag as a "DIP-to-own scheme" that would let Renco reacquire operating assets through a credit bid while leaving environmental liabilities and unsecured claims with an insolvent estate. It moved to convert the case to chapter 7, a position Utah and the EPA supported, before pivoting to propose its own liquidating plan.
How was the plan confirmed despite secured-creditor opposition?
Class 7 general unsecured creditors accepted, but Classes 3, 4, 5, and 6 rejected. The court confirmed the Committee's plan on June 16, 2026 through a nonconsensual cramdown under section 1129(b), finding it fair and equitable and non-discriminatory as to the rejecting classes.
What are the projected recoveries?
The plan estimates 35-53% for Class 3 senior secured, 0% for Class 4 subordinated secured, and roughly 5-16% for the unsecured Classes 5, 6, and 7, which share pro rata interests in the Liquidating Trust.
What environmental liabilities remain?
The Rowley site has been an EPA Superfund site since 2009, with cleanup the EPA estimates at $100 million or more. A barrier wall meant to keep acidic waste from the Great Salt Lake remains unfinished after contractor Forgen stopped work in December 2024, and Forgen's construction lien is now the subject of an adversary proceeding and the contested Bus Bar sale.
Stretto, Inc. /documents/30edced0-74a4-4a06-a1bd-cebcafcb3104/
Official Committee /documents/c8b8011c-9f08-4418-9208-e553e5cf2190/
only domestic primary magnesium producer https://www.thestreet.com/retail/company-critical-to-american-defense-files-chapter-11-bankruptcy
$100 million or more https://grist.org/accountability/magnesium-producer-bankrupt-pollution-great-salt-lake/
September 2021 equipment failure https://grist.org/business/us-magnesium-shutdown-supply-chain-mineral/
China controls roughly 85% of world supply https://www.metal.com/en/newscontent/103533022
Coverage framed the shutdown as a critical-minerals supply-chain gap https://www.sltrib.com/news/environment/2025/12/11/what-us-magnesiums-shutdown-means/
$33 million settlement with the Department of Justice https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/manhattan-us-attorney-announces-bankruptcy-settlement-responsible-parties-us-magnesium
McDermott Will & Emery secured a jury verdict for Kaiser https://www.mwe.com/media/mcdermott-secures-jury-verdict-for-kaiser-aluminum/
court entered in August 2025 https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/new-york/nysdce/1:2022cv03105/578350/175/
EPA added the Rowley site to the National Priorities List https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/SiteProfiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=second.cleanup&id=0802704
$37 million cleanup commitment and a $250,000 civil penalty https://19january2021snapshot.epa.gov/newsreleases/us-settles-us-magnesium-largest-producer-magnesium-metal-northern-hemisphere-alleged_.html
more than 20 years of EPA enforcement https://lawstreetmedia.com/news/agriculture/epa-settles-hazardous-waste-lawsuit-which-began-in-2001-against-magnesium-company/
work had stopped with the wall only half-built https://www.standard.net/news/2024/dec/16/why-work-has-stopped-on-a-wall-to-keep-highly-acidic-waste-away-from-the-great-salt-lake/
issued a Notice of Noncompliance https://www.sltrib.com/news/environment/2024/12/12/epa-us-magnesium-out-compliance/
appoint a receiver and evict the company https://www.sltrib.com/news/2024/12/16/us-magnesium-cannot-stop-building/
delaying Utah's plan to cut off Great Salt Lake water access https://www.ksl.com/article/51382795/us-magnesium-bankruptcy-delays-state-plans-to-cut-off-great-salt-lake-water-access
halting the lease-termination effort https://dailyutahchronicle.com/2025/10/18/us-magnesium-declares-bankruptcy-delays-lease-termination/
objected to the financing https://www.law360.com/bankruptcy-authority/articles/2395873/trustee-blasts-proposed-us-magnesium-ch-11-financing
denied a roughly $3 million roll-up https://www.law360.com/bankruptcy-authority/articles/2387203/magnesium-producer-s-dip-rollup-denied-amid-enviro-row
declined final approval as premature https://www.law360.com/articles/2424792/us-magnesium-s-11-5m-dip-needs-revisions-judge-says
calling the sale process rigged https://www.law360.com/articles/2429005/us-magnesium-creditors-say-sale-process-was-rigged
over Wells Fargo's objection https://news.bloomberglaw.com/bankruptcy-law/us-magnesium-approved-for-bankruptcy-asset-sale-to-utah-agency
$21.6 million asset deal https://news.bloomberglaw.com/bankruptcy-law/bankrupt-us-magnesium-seeks-approval-of-21-6-million-asset-deal
This article was researched and written with AI assistance, using court filings, public records, and news sources. AI-generated content can contain errors. Verify all information against primary sources before relying on it. This is not legal or financial advice. See the disclaimer.